Learn more. List all files that do not match pattern using ls [duplicate] Ask Question. Asked 9 years, 3 months ago. Active 2 years, 9 months ago. Viewed 39k times. Improve this question. Kaushik Shankar Kaushik Shankar 5, 4 4 gold badges 27 27 silver badges 34 34 bronze badges. Add a comment. Active Oldest Votes. Improve this answer. Andrii Abramov 8, 8 8 gold badges 62 62 silver badges 85 85 bronze badges.
Manikandan Rajendran Manikandan Rajendran 1, 1 1 gold badge 6 6 silver badges 9 9 bronze badges. This one worked well for me. You can string --ignore switches together, and thus ignore e.
This means that if you want to find every line that begins with a capital letter, you can use the following pattern:. Due to some legacy sorting issues, it is often more accurate to use POSIX character classes instead of character ranges like you just used.
To find each line in the GPL-3 file that contains an opening and closing parenthesis, with only letters and single spaces in between, use the following expression:. The grep command supports a more extensive regular expression language by using the -E flag or by calling the egrep command instead of grep. Extended regular expressions include all of the basic meta-characters, along with additional meta-characters to express more complex matches. One of the most useful abilities that extended regular expressions open up is the ability to group expressions together to manipulate or reference as one unit.
To group expressions together, wrap them in parentheses. If you would like to use parentheses without using extended regular expressions, you can escape them with the backslash to enable this functionality. This means that the following three expressions are functionally equivalent:. Similar to how bracket expressions can specify different possible choices for single character matches, alternation allows you to specify alternative matches for strings or expression sets.
To indicate alternation, use the pipe character. These are often used within parenthetical grouping to specify that one of two or more possibilities should be considered a match. Alternation can select between more than two choices by adding additional choices within the selection group separated by additional pipe characters. To match a character zero or one times, you can use the? This makes character or character sets that came before optional, in essence.
The following matches copyright and right by putting copy in an optional group:. The following expression matches the string free plus one or more characters that are not white space characters:. These characters let you specify an exact number, a range, or an upper or lower bounds to the amount of times an expression can match. Use the following expression to find all of the lines in the GPL-3 file that contain triple-vowels:. Regular expressions are even more versatile, and can be used with many popular programs.
For instance, many text editors implement regular expressions for searching and replacing text. Furthermore, most modern programming languages use regular expressions to perform procedures on specific pieces of data.
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I did not share the file format for file2 because it way too long.. Add a comment. Active Oldest Votes. Hi rici, the three methods are great, I have tested all of them. Awk take a bit longer than the first two methods but it does print out all the rest of the columns.
I really like all the methods and learned quite some, thank you. With join, you can easily choose to print the ids which are only in file1 with -v1 or the ones which are only in file2 with -v2. I wrote the awk solution thinking that you only wanted the ids which are only in file2; however, your question says that you want the ones which are only in file1 in which case there would not be any other columns. Hi rici, I tested the grep method, which gave me rows as unmatched results, With join, I got rows, with the awk method, there are rows.
I will update my question with file2 format as well. I am getting very confused The cut command in the command substitution for the grep command was assuming that fields were delimited by tab characters. I changed it to space characters by adding -d1. In the awk command, it was written to generate lines from file2 not in file1. I switched the order of the arguments so you can just copy and paste.
With those two changes, all three provided the same answer on the sample data 7 lines printed. The field delimiter only matters in the grep case, and it makes the command a bit fragile.
I'd use one of the other two. Show 3 more comments. Case insensitive search : The -i option enables to search for a string case insensitively in the given file. The -w option to grep makes it match only the whole words. Output: unix is great os. Displaying only the matched pattern : By default, grep displays the entire line which has the matched string. We can make the grep to display only the matched string by using the -o option.
Show line number while displaying the output using grep -n : To show the line number of file with the line matched. Inverting the pattern match : You can display the lines that are not matched with the specified search string pattern using the -v option.
This can be used in grep to match the lines which start with the given string or pattern. This can be used in grep to match the lines which end with the given string or pattern.
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