Available on-line at www. Food Science and Technology Mucor circinelloides Rhizopus nigricans 25 However it was observed The ANOVA for the sensitivities that Mucor circinelloides was more sensitive to of Mucor circinelloides and Rhizopus nigricans the cold leaf extract than Rhizopus nigricans.
The minimum inhibitory concentrations of the concentration of hot extract for Rhizopus ethanolic extracts against fungal test isolates nigricans was 0. Hot extract was not are shown in Table 1. Cold extract showed potent on Mucor circinelloides. Data are mean of three replicates in two experiments.
Yam diseases and its management in Nigeria. The in vivo experiments carried out in this Biotechnol. Carica papaya in controlling post harvest soft Phytochemical and Nutrient Evaluation of Carica rot of yam. Hence this study may provide a papaya Pawpaw Leaves. Further experiments may be carried bradys and Meloidogyne spp. Field Crop Res. Preliminary active principles involved. Severity Proceedings of the workshop on the African Experience of spoilage storage rots of white yam Dioscorea on Post-harvest Technology Development, Accra rotundata Poir.
Annals Appl. Ghana , July Edited by FAO, Rome. Curing technique for [11] FAO. Food and Agriculture Organization reducing the incidence of rot in yams. Nigerian Storage Production Year Book.
Products Research Institute. Technical Report. Des ignames. Phytochemical Storage and market disease of yam tubers in Methods. A guide to modern southwestern Nigeria. Nigeria [14] techniques of plant analysis. Chapman 2: Agriculture Annual Report. Antifungal effects of two tropical leaf extracts [16] IITA. African J. AND E. Determinants Biotechnol.
Yams: Post-Harvest holder farmers in southeastern Nigeria. Humphries JM, Khachik F. J Agric Food Chem, ; 51 3 : Assessing phytoestrogen exposure in epidemiologic studies: development of a database United States.
Antioxidant activity of papaya seed extracts. Molecules, ; 6 8 : Free radical scavenging activity of papaya juice. Int J RadiatBiol, ; 55 3 : Antioxidant potentials of Iranian Carica papaya juice in vitro and in vivo are comparable to alpha-tocopherol.
Phytother Res, ; 20 7 : Okoko T, Ere D. Reduction of hydrogen peroxide-induced erythrocyte damage by Carica papaya leaf extract. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed, ; 2 6 : Purification and characterization of peroxidase from papaya Carica papaya fruit. Appl BiochemBiotechnol, ; 2 : Content determination of benzyl glucosinolate and anti-cancer activity of its hydrolysis product in Carica papaya L.
The methanol extract of six macroalgae species Ulva lactuca, Ulva faciata, Acantho Topical formulations may contribute to the reduction of oxidative stress in the skin.
Banana peel is a fruit waste with antioxidant activity that is not yet included in a topical formulation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant and anti-aging activity of a cream formulation containing a lyophilized extract of banana peel. The banana peel was extracted with ethanol, and a cream fo A new series of Schiff's base compounds were synthesized by condensation of 1- 4-amino-4 phenyl 3-phenyl triazeneol and substituted aldehyde and gave high yields of target compounds.
Antimicrobial activity of compounds has been tested against bacterial and fungal species, namely gram-positive bacteria as S. The antibacterial property of three Himalayan Oaks species Quercus floribunda, Q. It is an open access online and print International Journal published monthly.
Website: www. Introduction Papaya is a palm-like, soft-stemmed, green tree. Carica papaya, is a native to the tropics of the Americas, but it is now being cultivated in the tropical and warm, semi-tropical zones around the world. Papaya also is the name for the large, juicy, melon-like, edible fruit of this tree, which has black seeds in the center and typically ranges in colour from amber to a yellow hue.
Papaya is a powerhouse of nutrients and it is available throughout the year. It is a rich source of three powerful antioxidant vitamin C, vitamin A and vitamin E , minerals magnesium and potassium , B vitamin pantothenic acid folate and fiber.
Papaya leaves have several vitamins and minerals in significant amounts, it is low in calories, and has an enzyme that is useful in tenderizing meat and for treatment of indigestion [1, 2]. The leaves have been researched for its medicinal uses and has been documented in literature for its use by natives of various parts of the world for its anti- inflammatory, antitumor, anti -diabetic effects among others.
Recently the haemostatic property and beneficial effects of Carica papaya leaves in curing the dengue infected patients has been reported [3]. The leaves also contain active components such as papin ,chymopapin cystain, ascorbic acid, flavournoids, cynogenic glucosides that increases the total antioxidant power in blood and reduce lipid preoxidation level [4].
Papaya leaves also contains vitamins vitamin A, and B vitamins most Nutrient Composition of Carica especially B12 , minerals calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, Papaya Leaves Extracts. Journal of manganese, iron , saponins cardiac glycosides and alkaloids respective Food Science and Nutrition Research which may play an important role in curing thrombocytopenia [5]. The extract has anti-cancer, anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory and 2.
It subsequently ground to powder using household also has anti-sickling properties in sickle cell disease blender. The chemical content of papaya leaves makes it useful in the treatment of conditions like diabetes heart 2. Five hundred gram g of each of the blended leaves of papaya was macerated in 1. Materials and Method hours, the solution was filtered with Whatman no.
The proximate composition of the extract made from Vitamins E and C were determined using the institute of carica papaya leaves was determined by using public analytes, Pro-vitamin A and thiamine Association of Official Analytical Chemists AOAC content was determined using Harborne method as [8] and the moisture, crude protein, crude fat, total ash, described by Pearson, [10]. Riboflavin, pyridoxine, crude fibre and carbohydrate content were determined.
Low protein was Flavonoids was determination using the method observed in the extract 6. The Alkaloids were used to supplement other sources of protein to make up determined using Harborne method of while the 11 RDA for children above 6 months especially saponin was determination as described by Obdoni, et children that are prone to protein energy malnutrition.
Tannin determination was done using the Crude fibre 3. Ash content was 2. Results and Discussion contents of foods [17] and hence the ash content of the Table 1 presents the mean proximate composition of extract has implication for mineral values. The fat papaya leaf extracts. The result of the data analysis of concentration in the sample was 2.
The mean value for protein was of fatty acids which have been associated with wound 6. Other proximate healing [18] and immunity [19], it is still considered as parameters were 2.
The proximate composition of the papaya has a better source of fat. Alkaloid had Saponin recorded a mean content of The phytochemical analysis on Table 2 showed that the Its activities have been widely studied for their potential extracts contains alkaloid, saponin, flavonoid and use in the elimination and reduction of human cancer tannin. Phytochemicals are bioactive, non-nutrient, cell line [24].
Alkaloids is one of the largest groups of naturally occurring plant compounds found in phytochemicals in plants, it has an amazing effects on vegetables, fruits and spices. The result showed that the humans and this has led to the development of powerful levels of tannin and saponin in the papaya extracts are pain killer medications with Alkaloids as active In other words, the observed high Tannins are known to exert anti-microbial activities by alkaloid content could be responsible for their much- iron deprivation, hydrogen bounding or specific acclaimed medicinal values though the exact mode of interactions with vital proteins such as enzymes in action is poorly understood.
Similarly, saponins are microbial cells [20]. They are also observed to have produced by plants as a defense mechanism to stop remarkable activity in cancer prevention.
Li, et al. They have also been demonstrated to or ulcerated tissues. The presence of saponins supports have cholesterol lowering effects and the ability to kill the fact that pawpaw leaves extract has cytotoxic effects or inhibit cancer cells [].
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